As is known, panic, anxiety and depression are disorders that have a high prevalence compared to a few decades ago. The increase in the difficulties of daily life means that our body is often subjected to high levels of stress sustained over time. Therefore, we have to work on the stability of mental health to be able to enjoy a full and happy life.
Chronic stress, especially in the exhaustion phase, could be involved in this problem. It has been studied that the increase in cortisol released by the adrenal gland in the exhaustion phase would be responsible for functional changes in the brain, leaving us more prone to anxiety and depression.
Stress is the body’s response to a greater demand or threat and consists of three main phases. In the first phase, the threat is perceived, the body activates the autonomic nervous system, which triggers the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. Here a “fight or flight” reaction occurs, an increase in heart rate is experienced and breathing becomes faster and shallower. If the threat persists, the body continually attempts to adapt to cope with chronic stress. In this phase, the body continues to release stress hormones, but at a lower level than in the alarm phase. But if stress persists for a long time, cortisol in the blood can reach a level of toxicity for certain brain structures.
Prolonged exhaustion can then cause changes at a physiological, cognitive, behavioral and emotional level. The sympathetic nervous system is activated and the parasympathetic nervous system, which is associated with relaxation and recovery, is inhibited, digestive problems, insomnia may appear. Etc. and recovery after stress becomes more difficult.
On an emotional level, irritability usually appears, difficulty managing emotions correctly, cognitive rigidity (inability to think in an alternative way when faced with the same event) can become noticeable, and a marked increase in sensitivity to internal and external stimuli.
It is imperative to adopt strategies to manage stress, such as regular exercise, relaxation techniques, and emotional management, to mitigate these negative effects on mental health. Seeking professional support can be essential to effectively address and manage chronic stress.
Lic. Flavia Cerutti. Psychologist and Master in Educational innovation.
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