Rhino horns have shrunk over the last century due to poaching

The rhinoceros horns they have shrunk (a lot) in the last century. The first photographic portraits of these animals, taken a little over 100 years ago, show that they had much longer horns. longer than we can currently see. As pointed out by the first historical analysis Regarding the evolution of this characteristic feature of rhinoceroses, everything indicates that poaching is responsible for this phenomenon.

The study, led by the University of Cambridge, has analyzed photographs of rhinos captured between the years 1886 and 2018. They also included illustrations and portraits of these animals that are more than 500 years old. From there, the team of researchers that has led this study has calculated the size of the horns of these animals in each image and has traced the evolution of this trait in five species (white, black, Indian, Javanese and Sumatran). The analysis of historical records indicates that, indeed, “rhino horns have gradually decreased in size over time“. But why?

The scientists responsible for this analysis pose the following hypothesis. Rhinos are one of the main targets of poachers. In large part, because its horns reach astronomical values ​​on the black market (mainly because, in certain cultures, medicinal and even miraculous capacities are falsely attributed to it). The search for these ‘trophies’, according to the experts, could have caused Historically, hunters will shoot longer-horned rhinos more.. This would have favored the reproduction of small-horned rhinoceroses and, in doing so, this trait would be transmitted to future generations.

“Rhinos developed their horns for different reasons: like to catch food or to defend themselves against predators, so we think having smaller horns could, in the long run, be detrimental to their survival“, highlights Oscar Wilson, author of this analysis and professor at the University of Helsinki, Finland.

historical perception

The study also investigates the perception of these animals throughout history. Early rhinoceros portraits, for example, showed gigantic, threatening beings that persecute humans. In this sense, the experts suggest that this vision was the one that, at least initially, contributed to justify the hunting of these wild animals. At the beginning of the last century, the hunting of these animals was so normalized that even President Theodore Roosevelt posed triumphantly with a black rhinoceros that he had just killed.

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From 1950, the portraits of these animals show a change in trend. The photographs of the rhinoceroses were no longer to show off a hunting trophy but, on the contrary, were looking for promote its conservation. In this sense, experts suggest that this change coincides with the collapse of european empires. That is, just at the time when African countries achieved their independence and, in turn, European hunters began to have more restrictions to go hunting in Africa.

“We have seen that we can use images from the last few centuries to visualize how human attitudes towards wildlife have changed“, emphasizes Ed Turner, one of the researchers who has led this analysis and professor in the department of zoology at Cambridge. “In recent decades we have seen more interest in the conservation of rhinos. This can be seen in current images, which either show these animals in sanctuaries or portray their plight in the wild,” adds Wilson.