Also called the “silent killer”, it is imperceptible to the sense of smell and blocks breathing
With the arrival of winter and the intensive use of heating systems, unfortunately cases of poisoning are increasing carbon monoxide. A gas, produced by the incomplete combustion of organic substances, which is particularly insidious for human health due to its characteristics: it is odourless, colorless and tasteless. Recent, tragic episodes in the news, such as those in Forni di Sopra, Cefalù and Trieste, indicate the urgency of greater awareness and preventive measures to reduce the risks associated with what is often defined as a “silent killer”.
a concrete danger
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Carbon monoxide (CO) is formed as a result of the incomplete combustion of organic materials, such as gas, wood, coal or kerosene and it is not detectable by human senses. It has a greater affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen and hinders the transport of the latter in the blood, causing hypoxiaa condition in which tissues receive insufficient amounts of oxygen. The initial, seemingly trivial symptoms include headache, nausea and tiredness, but prolonged exposure can cause fainting, convulsions and, in the most serious cases, the death. Even long-term exposure to low concentrations of CO can cause permanent damage to the nervous system and heartespecially in vulnerable subjects such as the elderly, children and people with pre-existing pathologies. There speed with which this gas propagates and its effect on the respiratory system make it extremely dangerous. “It spreads and is absorbed very quickly, binds more easily to hemoglobin instead of oxygen and therefore reaches the brain where it reduces breathing because it actually causes the blockage of breathing“, he explains toAdnkronos Elena Bignami, president of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care.
Carbon monoxide poisoning: The surge in cases
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Cases of carbon monoxide poisoning tend to increase during the winter months, coinciding with the turning on of heating systems. Often in homes used for holidaysplaces closed for long periods and with systems without regular maintenance. As highlighted by data from the Poison Control Center of Pavia, Northern Italy is particularly affected by the phenomenon, but similar episodes also occur in the South and on the islands, where obsolete or improperly used heating systems can turn into a death trap.
Expert advice
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According to experts, the prevention it is fundamental. “To be alerted promptly, all it takes is one carbon monoxide detectora low-cost and very useful life-saving tool”, comments Carlo Locatelli, director of the Poison Control Center of Pavia. It is also important to monitor suspicious symptoms, such as sudden headaches or fatigue, especially when they appear in multiple people present in the same environment. In case of suspected intoxication, time is essential: ventilate the rooms, go outside and call help immediately. The administration of 100% pure oxygen, possibly through hyperbaric therapy in the worst cases, it represents the therapy of choice.
monoxide and Prevention
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Prevention represents the most effective weapon to counter the risk of CO poisoning. And the measures to be taken are simple:
- Installation of detectors: these devices, easily available on the market at low costs, are able to detect the presence of CO in the air and emit an audible alarm, allowing timely intervention. It is advisable to install them near sleeping areas and environments where combustion appliances are present.
- Maintenance of systems: a periodic review of the systems, carried out by specialized technicians, is essential to guarantee their correct functioning and prevent any malfunctions that could cause the production of CO. Particular attention must be paid to cleaning the flues and checking the draft.
- Room ventilation: ensuring adequate air exchange in domestic environments, especially in the presence of combustion appliances, is essential to avoid the accumulation of CO. It is important not to block the air vents and to ventilate the rooms regularly.
- Correct use of combustion appliances: avoid using braziers, barbecues or gas stoves in closed or poorly ventilated environments. Never use the oven or gas hobs to heat the room.
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