Nhe last years, the concept of ” Intestine-cervello axis “(Gut-Brain Axis, GBA ) has gained growing attention in scientific research, revolutionizing the understanding of interactions between the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract . This represents a complex bidirectional network that involves neural, immune, endocrine and metabolic mechanisms, with a key role of the intestinal microbiota. Alterations in this balance have been connected to numerous neurological, psychiatric and metabolic disorders, opening new therapeutic perspectives.
The intestine-cervello axis represents a continuously evolving research field, with deep implications for preventive and personalized medicine. The integration of Nutritional, probiotic and pharmacological strategies For optimize intestinal health It could revolutionize the treatment of many increasingly increasing pathologies, opening the way to new innovative therapeutic perspectives.
Because intestine and brain “work together”
The intestine and the brain constantly communicate through different ways.
The Autonomous nervous system (SNA). The vagus nerve directly connects the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (Snc), transmitting signals on the changes that take place in the intestinal environment.
Endocrine system : the intestine secretes hormones such as peptide yy and ghostan that influence appetite and other important metabolic ways.
Immune system . 80% of the body’s immune cells are found in the intestine and their interaction with the intestinal microbiota regulates systemic and cerebral inflammation.
Microbiota . Intestinal microorganisms produce neurotransmitters and substances such as serotonin, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) that influence mood, memory and cognitive functions.
A new “organ”: the intestinal microbiota
The intestinal microbiota, consisting of billions of microorganisms (are more numerous than the cells of our body), is one of the main actors in the intestine-cervello axis. Its composition influences several devices.
Production of neurotransmitters: More than 80% of body serotonin is synthesized in the intestine thanks to the bacteria that metabolize the tryptophan.
Modulation of the inflammatory response . An imbalance between these (dysbiosis) microorganisms can trigger systemic inflammations that bring neurodegenerative diseases such as dementias over time.
Blood barrier . An altered microbiota can bring an permeability of the hematencephalic barrier, which means that the barrier that protects the brain from the entry of harmful substances changes itself allowing the passage and promoting the onset of neurological pathologies.
What are the disorders related to the brain intestine axis
The alteration of the brain intestine axis is associated with numerous pathological conditions.
Neurodegenerative disorders . Recent studies suggest that the intestinal dysbiosis contributes to neurofiammation and to the deposition of toxic proteins in the brain detected for example in the Alzheimer .
Mental health problems: alterations of the microbiota were found in patients with Depression, anxiety and alterations of mood .
Autoimmune diseases: inflammation and intestinal permeability has been associated with conditions such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, through altered immune response mechanisms.
Metabolic disorders: The microbiota affects insulin regulation and lipid metabolism, connecting directly to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
New studies and therapeutic perspectives
A recent study of the National Research Council (CNR) has shown that the Intestinal alterations precede and contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Using advanced imagination techniques, researchers observed structural changes in the intestine of mice affected by this pathology, suggesting the possibility of early diagnosis and that the microbiota could, in the future, be a therapeutic target. Targeted interventions on intestinal health are emerging as preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Probiotics and prebiotics
Studies indicate that specific bacterial strains can improve cognitive function and reduce anxiety.
Food regimes rich in Fiber, polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids favor the balance of the microbiota and the production of brunette chain fatty acids.
Experimental treatments suggest that in some situations where patient health is compromised, microbiota modulation through the faecal microbiota transplantationcan significantly improve the serious symptoms.
Who is Dr. Federica Almondo
Dr. Federica Almondo
Nutritionist Food science specialistformed at the center of dietology and obesity of the San Raffaele hospital in Milan, Dr. Federica Almondo is one of the most recognized and appreciated professionals in the sector. Founder of Cerva 16- Nutrition and anti-aging centeris also the protagonist of various apparitions on heads and radio-television channels. Author of the book “The healthy feeding of the child from 0 to 10 years” (Mariotti, 1995)of publications on International Journal of Obesity and guest of various television broadcasts.
Over the years he has dedicated himself to the deepening of All new border disciplines in the Food Field and anti-aging via high-formation in Nutraceutical, nutrigenomics, nourigenetics, epigenetics, metabolomics. Is an expert in Ketogenic therapies (Nutcheso scientific association), in Nutritional medicine And Metabolomics (Einu.m European Institute of Nutritional Medicine) and in Systemic medicine (Aime.s Italian Systemic Medicine Association). Is Socia Sinut (Italian Society of Nutraceutica), AIMES (Italian Association of Systemic Medicine), AIMF (Italian Association of Functional Medicine) and attended the Microbioma School (Turin). I level master in Psychic Neuro Endocrine Immunology (pnei), is also “Breathing scientist” (for stress management, 2024).
Co-founder of Cerva 16innovative functional, regenerative, enhancement and anti-aging medicine center. D.ssa Almondo is a nutritionist, a specialist in nutrition science, is an expert in nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, nutraceutical, metabolomics, ketogenic diet, epigenetics, epigenomics, breathing and in anti-aging medicine.
Thanks to the multiple and diversified skills, its activity includes dietotherapy and avant -garde specialist services And it stands out for the ability to find effective solutions even to the most complex problems related to food.
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