There are three essential points in this disease
1.- The transmission, mainly due to infected animals, especially dogs, cats and also by bats. The virus is present in the animal’s saliva and enters the human body through wounds, for example, dog and cat bites.
2.- What affects? The virus attacks the central nervous system causing progressive encephalitis. Once the symptoms of the disease appear, it is always fatal.
3.- Symptoms. The rage has a variable incubation period of 1 to 3 months, and then the symptoms such as fever, discomfort, much pain in the bite area, with paresthesia, appear. Hydrophobia, fear of water (pathognomonic symptom of the disease). Stupor, muscle spasms, anxiety, confusion, generalized paralysis, coma and death.
Prevention:
Post-exposure antirrabic vaccination, if a person is bitten by a suspicious animal should receive urgent treatment that includes:
A) Immediate cleaning of the wound with soap and water.
B) Application of antirrabic immunglubulin if applicable.
C) Seriation of antirrabic vaccines.
Pre-exposure antirrabic vaccination in high-risk people such as veterinary, laboratory personnel, rural areas, speleologists.
Current situation:
In Latin America, human cases have been greatly reduced thanks to vaccination campaigns in dogs. Even so, bats are a growing source of transmission reservoir in several urban areas of countries, such as Peru, Brazil and Northern Argentina.
In Africa and Asia, dogs transmitted by dogs remains a problem that impacts public health.
Health importance
It is considered a unattended disease, despite its high lethality. The WHO, seeks to eliminate human deaths by rage transmitted by dogs by 2030 with zero motto deaths from anger.
There are two kinds of rage, one urban, transmitted by dogs and cats and the other wild, which is transmitted by bats, the latter is increasing.
In this disease, the municipalities are key, to trigger long -term strategies, such as:
Control with annual vaccination campaigns aimed at cats, especially that they roam.
Registration and control of the canine and feline population.
Promote responsible animals.
Protection of exposed people, guaranteeing fast and free access to vaccines and antirrabic immunoglobulin in local health centers. Health personnel training.
Education and communication, clear local campaigns, joint work with schools, radios and neighborhood centers.
Collaborate with veterinarians from zoonoses and private.
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