TOm Hollandthe British actor famous for the role of Spider-Man, he told of coexist with dyslexia and ADHD. A testimony that has turned on the spotlight on two widespread, often little -understood neurosviluppuct disorders that concern millions of people all over the world. But what are they and how to deal with them? From diagnosis to treatments: here’s everything you need to know
Dyslexia: what it is
According to what reported on website of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Dyslexia is part of the specific learning disorders (DSA) and concerns reading skills. It is not connected to an intellectual deficit, but to one structural difficulty in decoding and understanding written texts. Dyslexic people can read slowly, confuse letters or figures, have difficulties of spelling and struggling more than normal to understand written messages, while understanding without problems information transmitted verbally.
The causes are not yet completely clear: the research indicates a genetic and neurobiological basis that combines with environmental factors. The first signals appear with entry into elementary school And, if not recognized, they may have consequences on self -esteem and school performance.
Dyslexia: diagnosis and treatments
Always according to the ISS, The diagnosis is carried out through specialist assessments that provide cognitive and school tests. In Italy, Law 170/2010 protects students with DSA, imposing compensatory tools and dispensing measures to guarantee equal learning opportunities.
Treatment requires a shared taking charge between school, family and health workers. The interventions aim to improve the correctness and speed of reading and strengthening phonological awareness. The drafting of a personalized didactic plan (PDP) is fundamental, which adapts the teaching methods without changing the contents of the program. In adults, tools such as videotoscious software, conceptual maps and electronic agendas can facilitate the management of daily activities.
ADHD: What is it
The ADHD, acronym for attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity, And A neurosviluppo disorder which, as explained the Higher Institute of Health, manifests itself with inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity. Symptoms appear in childhood and become more evident with entry to school: children struggle to maintain attention, seem restless, they speak a lot and have difficulty respecting shifts in social interactions.
In the absence of adequate intervention, this disorder can compromise school life, social relationships and increase the risk of developing other disorders, such as anxiety or depression.
ADHD: diagnosis and treatments
ADHD’s diagnosis is carried out by childhood neuropsychiatrists or psychiatrists, Through a clinical observation that evaluates the presence of symptoms in multiple life contexts. Also in this case, as the Higher Institute of Health underlines, the treatment must be multimodal, that is, to combine different approaches.
The interventions include Educational programs aimed at parents and teachers, psychological paths to improve self -regulation and, when necessary, drug therapy. On a practical level, structured routines, physical activity, clear rules and positive reinforcement strategies help to reduce the impact of symptoms on everyday life.
Because Tom Holland’s testimony is important
Talking openly about dyslexia and ADHD means helping to break down the stigma that still accompanies these diagnoses. When a public figure like Tom Holland tells his experience, he helps to make it clear that These are not “labels”, but conditions that can be successfully faced thanks to early diagnosis, adequate support and personalized strategies.