Once again the defense of the cause of retirees resulted in serious acts of violence. On this occasion the novelty was that the savagery in the name The retirees was in charge of the “Brava Bar” football. Organizations with many history of coercion, crimes, and destruction. In substantial, the violence observed did not differ much from which it also occurred in 2017 when Congress tried the modification of the mobility rule.
An alert signal is the next expiration of the pension moratorium at the end of March. Moratory are used by people who reach the retirement age (60 women; 65 men) without accumulating a minimum of 30 years of contributions. The mechanism consists of simulating having had an autonomous work, for the years of missing contributions, in order to complete the 30 years required by law. For this period, a debt is calculated for the unbeatated contributions paid with a payment plan in very flexible conditions and whose installments are discounted from the same pension.
Approximately two thirds of those who reach the age of retiring appeal to the moratorium because they do not comply with the minimum of 30 years of contributions. According to the Undersecretariat of Social Security among these people, by 2024, it is observed that:
-52% are less than 10 years of contributions.
-30% are between 10 and 25 years of contributions.
-On the remaining 18% together between 25 and 30 years of contributions.
These data show that there is a great dispersion in the density of contributions of people who reach the age of retirement. At one end, the majority appears that accumulates less than 10 years of contributions. At the other end, only 2 out of 10 people arrive by missing less than 5 years to complete the minimum law. If the moratoriums are not renewed, all these people must postpone the withdrawal or access the universal pension for the elderly (PUAM). This is a non -contributory benefit to two important defects. The first is that it does not recognize contributions made below 30 years. That is, one person with no contribution and another with 29 years of contributions receive the same Puam. The second is that it does not allow you to continue working, when contributory retirements do allow it.
The 30 -year requirement of contributions comes from the time when the pension system was mixed, combining distribution with capitalization. In the distribution regime the requirement is the 30 years of contributions, while in the capitalization a minimum of contributions were not applied since people retired when they wanted with the income that was derived from their capitalization account. When the capitalization regime was eliminated, the mistake of not reviewing this rule was made. Consequently, the requirement of a minimum of 30 years of contributions remained for all benefits. As this barrier excludes most people, instead of correcting the error, the moratoriums were appealed by deepening the financial crisis of the pension system and the injustice of giving contributory retirements to people without contributions.
The urgency now is to find a better alternative to renew the moratoriums. For 2 decades that the moratoriums have been renewing which deepened the degradation of the pension system. The overcoming alternative is to eliminate the minimum30 years of contributions. For people with few contributions where being is very low to contemplate the PUAM as a floor. The amount of the PUAM, in turn, should be growing depending on the amount of accumulated contributions and should be allowed to the beneficiaries of the PUAM to continue working, as the rest of the retirees can do.
But the urgency should not cover how important it is to address the integral system of the pension system. Among the core points are the review of the special and differential regimes, address the high litigation (there are 200 thousand trials of retirees against the ANSES), review the double coverage that occurs with derived pensions and provide automatic adjustments to adapt the pension system to demographic changes.
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By Jorge Colina
