Low-cost airlines in particular are approaching their pre-pandemic levels at 85 percent. Classic airlines are only at three-quarters of their capacity.

Destinations in Southern Europe in particular again score well. For example, Spain and Portugal account for 91 and 96 percent of pre-crisis air traffic respectively, and Greece itself is doing slightly better (101 percent) than before the crisis.

Eurocontrol now assumes that European airspace will not have fully digested the consequences of the health crisis until 2025. That is a year later than in previous forecasts. The high inflation, sluggish economy and the war in Ukraine weigh on the recovery.

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